depressed
answered by grok-3
以下是对词汇 depressed 的详细解析,严格按照您提供的步骤和要求,结合柯林斯词典和韦氏词典的定义,以中文说明和讲解,确保内容详细、有条理,并融入常见搭配、自然例句和个性化建议。
词汇解析:depressed
Step 1: 全面定义
读音
- 美式英语:/dɪˈprest/(重音在第二音节,读作“di-PREST”)
- 英式英语:/dɪˈprest/(发音与美式相同,英式英语中元音可能略紧促)
- 注:美式和英式发音基本一致,但英式发音可能在元音的清晰度和语调上稍有不同。
主要定义
根据柯林斯词典(Collins Dictionary)和韦氏词典(Merriam-Webster Dictionary),depressed 作为形容词有以下常见含义:
-
情绪低落、沮丧(Sad and without enthusiasm)
- 柯林斯词典:If you are depressed, you are sad and feel that you cannot enjoy anything, because your situation is so difficult and unpleasant.
- 中文翻译:如果你感到沮丧,你会感到悲伤,觉得无法享受任何事物,因为你的处境非常困难和不愉快。
- 韦氏词典:Feeling unhappy, sad, or without hope, often for a long time.
- 中文翻译:感到不快乐、悲伤或无望,通常持续较长时间。
- 注:这是最常见的意思,通常描述心理或情绪状态。
- 柯林斯词典:If you are depressed, you are sad and feel that you cannot enjoy anything, because your situation is so difficult and unpleasant.
-
经济或市场萧条(Suffering from economic problems)
- 柯林斯词典:A depressed place or industry does not have enough business or employment opportunities.
- 中文翻译:一个萧条的地方或行业缺乏足够的商业或就业机会。
- 韦氏词典:Having a low level of economic activity; suffering from an economic depression.
- 中文翻译:经济活动水平低;遭受经济萧条。
- 注:常用于描述经济或市场的低迷状态。
- 柯林斯词典:A depressed place or industry does not have enough business or employment opportunities.
-
物理下沉或降低(Lowered or pressed down)
- 柯林斯词典(较少提及此义):Physically pressed down or lowered.
- 中文翻译:物理上被压下或降低。
- 韦氏词典:Lowered in position, amount, or degree.
- 中文翻译:位置、数量或程度上的降低。
- 注:此义较少见,通常用于技术性或物理描述。
- 柯林斯词典(较少提及此义):Physically pressed down or lowered.
-
医学上的抑郁症(Clinical depression)
- 柯林斯词典:Suffering from a medical condition characterized by long-term sadness and lack of energy.
- 中文翻译:患有以长期悲伤和缺乏精力为特征的医学疾病。
- 韦氏词典:Affected by clinical depression, a serious medical condition.
- 中文翻译:受临床抑郁症影响,一种严重的医学状况。
- 注:指诊断为抑郁症的心理健康状况。
- 柯林斯词典:Suffering from a medical condition characterized by long-term sadness and lack of energy.
常见搭配
- 情绪低落:feel depressed, become depressed, deeply depressed
- 经济萧条:depressed economy, depressed market, depressed area
- 医学抑郁症:clinically depressed, diagnosed as depressed
- 物理下沉:depressed surface, depressed level
Step 2: 精确的语境化例句
1. 情绪低落
- 场景:一个人因工作压力或个人生活问题感到情绪低落。
- 例句:
- She felt depressed after losing her job and didn’t want to see anyone for weeks.
- 翻译:她在失去工作后感到沮丧,几个星期都不想见任何人。
- He was deeply depressed about his failing grades and stopped attending classes.
- 翻译:他对成绩不及格感到非常沮丧,停止了上课。
- She felt depressed after losing her job and didn’t want to see anyone for weeks.
- 搭配:feel/become/get depressed, depressed about/over something
2. 经济或市场萧条
- 场景:描述一个地区或行业的经济不景气。
- 例句:
- The depressed economy in the region has led to high unemployment rates.
- 翻译:该地区经济萧条导致了高失业率。
- The depressed housing market made it difficult for them to sell their house.
- 翻译:房地产市场低迷让他们很难卖掉房子。
- The depressed economy in the region has led to high unemployment rates.
- 搭配:depressed economy/market/industry, economically depressed
3. 物理下沉或降低
- 场景:描述物理对象的下沉或技术性降低。
- 例句:
- The depressed surface of the road caused water to pool after the rain.
- 翻译:路面下沉导致雨后积水。
- The depressed level of the river indicated a severe drought.
- 翻译:河水水位下降表明干旱严重。
- The depressed surface of the road caused water to pool after the rain.
- 搭配:depressed surface/level, physically depressed
4. 医学上的抑郁症
- 场景:描述被诊断为临床抑郁症的状况。
- 例句:
- She was clinically depressed and sought help from a therapist.
- 翻译:她被诊断为临床抑郁症,并向治疗师寻求帮助。
- After months of feeling depressed, he was prescribed antidepressants.
- 翻译:在感到沮丧数月后,他被开了抗抑郁药。
- She was clinically depressed and sought help from a therapist.
- 搭配:clinically depressed, diagnosed as depressed
Step 3: 词汇的亲属
同义词
- Sad(悲伤)
- 区别:Sad 是一个更广义的词,描述一般的悲伤情绪,可能是一时的,而 depressed 通常指更深、更持久的低落情绪。
- 例句:She was sad about missing the party, but not depressed.
- Down(低落)
- 区别:Down 是非正式用语,指轻度的情绪低落,通常不如 depressed 严重。
- 例句:I’ve been feeling a bit down lately, but I’m not depressed.
- Melancholy(忧郁)
- 区别:Melancholy 带有文学或诗意的色彩,强调一种浪漫或沉思的悲伤,而 depressed 更现代且常与心理健康相关。
- 例句:The rainy day gave the town a melancholy atmosphere.
反义词
- Happy(快乐)
- 例句:After months of feeling depressed, she finally felt happy again.
- Cheerful(开朗)
- 例句:His cheerful attitude helped lift her out of her depressed mood.
- Prosperous(繁荣,针对经济义)
- 例句:The city transformed from a depressed area to a prosperous hub.
派生词
- Depression(名词,抑郁症、经济萧条、下沉)
- 例句:She was diagnosed with depression and started therapy.
- Depressing(形容词,令人沮丧的)
- 例句:The movie’s ending was so depressing that I cried.
- Depress(动词,使沮丧、压低)
- 例句:The bad news depressed everyone in the room.
复合词
- Depressed area(经济萧条地区)
- 例句:The government invested in the depressed area to create jobs.
- Depressed market(市场低迷)
- 例句:The depressed market affected small businesses the most.
Step 4: 词源探索
- 词源:
- Depressed 源自拉丁语 deprimere,由 de-(向下)和 primere(压,按)组成,意为“向下压”。
- 中古英语时期,通过古法语 depresser 进入英语,最初指物理上的“压下”或“降低”。
- 到17世纪,逐渐扩展到情绪和经济的含义,形容“低落”或“萧条”。
- 与其他语言的关联:
- 法语中的 déprimer(使沮丧)和西班牙语的 deprimir 有相似的词根和含义。
- 这些语言中的词都继承了拉丁语 deprimere 的语义。
Step 5: 文化和历史背景
- 文化重要性:
- 情绪低落与心理健康:在现代英语中,depressed 常与心理健康问题相关,尤其是在20世纪后,随着心理学和精神病学的发展,描述抑郁症(clinical depression)成为其核心用法。
- 经济萧条:在经济领域,depressed 常用于描述1929年大萧条(The Great Depression)等时期,至今仍是描述经济低迷的标准术语。
- 历史背景:
- 在文学中,depressed 常用于描述浪漫主义时期的忧郁情绪,如19世纪诗人拜伦(Lord Byron)的作品中常带有这种情绪。
- 著名引用:
- 文学引用:在夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》(Jane Eyre)中,简描述自己的情绪:“I felt depressed and desolate.”(我感到沮丧和孤独。)
- 历史事件:1929年大萧条期间,报纸常用“depressed economy”描述全球经济崩溃,如《纽约时报》标题:“Depressed Markets Signal Global Crisis.”
Step 6: 互动式应用
小故事
假设你是一名正在学习英语的中国学生,最近因为准备GRE考试感到压力很大。你和朋友聊天时,提到了自己的情绪:
- 场景:你和朋友在咖啡店讨论考试压力。你说:“I’ve been feeling really depressed about my GRE preparation. The vocabulary is so hard, and I’m worried I won’t do well.” 朋友安慰你:“I know it’s tough, but you’re making progress. Let’s study together to lift your mood!”
挑战
- 任务:写一段100字左右的短文,描述你或某人感到 depressed 的原因(可以是情绪、经济或其他含义),并说明如何克服这种状态。
- 提示:尝试使用 depressed 的常见搭配(如 feel depressed, depressed about)和其他相关词汇(如 depression, depressing)。
Step 7: 扩展与深化
- 学术领域:
- 心理学:Depressed 是描述抑郁症的核心术语,常用于临床诊断和研究。例如,DSM-5(《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》)将“depressed mood”列为抑郁症的主要症状。
- 经济学:Depressed 用于分析经济周期中的衰退阶段,如描述“depressed demand”(需求低迷)。
- 流行文化:
- 电影:电影《美丽心灵》(A Beautiful Mind)中,主角纳什的抑郁情绪被描述为“depressed state”。
- 音乐:Billie Eilish 的歌曲《Everything I Wanted》歌词中提到“feeling depressed”,反映了年轻一代对心理健康的关注。
- 推荐资源:
- 书籍:《Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy》 by David D. Burns,介绍如何应对抑郁情绪。
- 文章:The Atlantic 杂志文章“How to Fight Depression”(如何对抗抑郁)。
- 电影:《头脑特工队》(Inside Out),通过动画探讨情绪低落和心理健康。
Step 8: 个性化建议
作为一名正在学习英语的中国学生,你的英语学习目标可能包括提高词汇量、应对GRE考试,以及在实际生活中流利使用英语。以下是针对 depressed 的学习建议:
- 记忆技巧:
- 联想记忆:将 depressed 与“按下”(press down)的动作联系起来,想象情绪被“压低”或经济被“压垮”。
- 词群记忆:同时记住相关词,如 depression, depressing, depress,强化词族记忆。
- 实践建议:
- 日记练习:每天用 depressed 写一句句子,描述自己的情绪或观察到的现象。例如:“The rainy weather made me feel a bit depressed today.”
- 听力输入:观看美剧《This Is Us》,注意角色如何用 depressed 描述心理状态。
- GRE备考:
- depressed 是GRE常考词汇,尤其在阅读理解中可能出现在心理学或经济类文章中。注意其同义词(如 melancholy, despondent)和反义词(如 elated, prosperous)。
- 练习GRE填空题,如:“The ______ economy forced many businesses to close.”(答案:depressed)。
- 文化融入:
- 了解西方文化中对心理健康的开放讨论,尝试用 depressed 和朋友或语言伙伴讨论情绪问题,提升口语表达能力。
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