public
好的!接下来我们将按你提供的步骤,全面深入地学习并解析“public”这个词汇,以帮助你从多个维度理解、掌握和运用它。
Step 1: 全面定义
1. 词汇读音
- 英式发音:/ˈpʌb.lɪk/
- 美式发音:/ˈpʌb.lɪk/
2. 英文定义及中文翻译
以下定义参考柯林斯词典(Collins Dictionary)和韦氏词典(Merriam-Webster Dictionary):
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As an adjective (形容词):
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Definition 1 (related to society):
Relating to or involving people in general, rather than being limited to a particular individual or group.
中文翻译:与公众或社会大众相关的,而不是限定于某个个人或特定的群体。
e.g. A public park is open to everyone.
(公众公园对所有人开放。) -
Definition 2 (accessible and open):
Available for anyone to use, visit, or attend.
中文翻译:任何人都可以使用、访问或参加的。
e.g. The library is a public space that welcomes residents.
(图书馆是一个对居民开放的公共场所。) -
Definition 3 (government-related):
Involving or provided by the government rather than private companies or individuals.
中文翻译:由政府而非私人提供或涉及的。
e.g. Public schools are funded by taxes.
(公立学校由税收资助。)
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As a noun (名词):
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Definition 1 (the people):
The people in general; society as a whole.
中文翻译:指整体的社会大众或公众。
e.g. The politician addressed the public during the debate.
(政治家在辩论期间向公众发表讲话。) -
Definition 2 (a specific group):
A specific group of people who share an interest or are targeted by something.
中文翻译:某个有共同兴趣或是某事的目标群体。
e.g. His books appeal to a wide public of young readers.
(他的书深受广大年轻读者群体的欢迎。)
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Step 2: 精确的语境化例句
1. 用作形容词的例子:
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意思 1: 与公众相关的
- Context: 每个人都可以参与的事情。
Sentence: It is important for governments to consider public opinion before implementing new laws.
(在实施新法律之前,政府考虑公众意见是重要的。)
- Context: 每个人都可以参与的事情。
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意思 2: 开放和可访问的
- Context: 某个地方允许所有人进入。
Sentence: The museum is open to the public free of charge on Sundays.
(博物馆每周日向公众免费开放。)
- Context: 某个地方允许所有人进入。
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意思 3: 与政府有关
- Context: 政府提供的服务。
Sentence: Public transportation systems, such as buses and subways, play a vital role in city life.
(公共交通系统,如公交车和地铁,在城市生活中起着至关重要的作用。)
- Context: 政府提供的服务。
2. 用作名词的例子:
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意思 1: 社会大众
- Context: 某人向公众传播信息。
Sentence: The announcement was made to inform the public of the recent health advisory.
(该公告旨在告知公众最近的健康建议。)
- Context: 某人向公众传播信息。
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意思 2: 特定群体
- Context: 某作品吸引特定的人群。
Sentence: The new exhibition has been well-received by the art-loving public.
(新展览深受热爱艺术的公众的好评。)
- Context: 某作品吸引特定的人群。
Step 3: 词汇的亲属
1. 同义词:
- Adjective-related:
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Common: 普遍的
Difference: “Common”强调常见性质,而“public”强调与公众相关性。
e.g. The park is a public space. (任何人都可以使用)
e.g. Trees are a common feature in rural areas. (普遍存在) -
Open: 开放的
Difference: “Open”泛指不受限制,而“public”多强调与公众利益或需求相关。
e.g. A public meeting is held for all citizens. (公共会议)
e.g. The door was left open. (门开着)
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2. 反义词:
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Private: 私人的;私密的
- e.g. This is a private property; admission is not allowed.
(这是私人财产,禁止入内。)
- e.g. This is a private property; admission is not allowed.
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Exclusive: 独享的;排外的
- e.g. The members-only club is exclusive and not open to the public.
(这家仅限会员参与的俱乐部不向公众开放。)
- e.g. The members-only club is exclusive and not open to the public.
3. 派生词:
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Publicity (公众关注)
- Sentence: The actor used the scandal to generate publicity for his upcoming movie.
(这位演员利用丑闻为他即将上映的电影制造了公众关注。)
- Sentence: The actor used the scandal to generate publicity for his upcoming movie.
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Publicize (宣传,公开化)
- Sentence: The event was heavily publicized in the local newspapers.
(这项活动在当地报纸上被广泛宣传。)
- Sentence: The event was heavily publicized in the local newspapers.
4. 相关复合词:
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Public servant (公务员):
Government employees who serve the public.
e.g. Public servants play a key role in implementing government policies.
(公务员在实施政府政策方面发挥重要作用。) -
Public affairs (公共事务):
Issues or activities involving the general public.
e.g. She has a degree in public affairs and works for a non-profit organization.
(她拥有公共事务的学位,并为一个非营利组织工作。)
Step 4: 词源探索
- 词源:
- 源自拉丁语“publicus”,意思是“属于人民”或“与公众有关”。
- 由“populus”(人们,人民)衍生而来,最终在中世纪后进入英语,发展为现代形式“public”。
Step 5: 文化和历史背景
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民主社会的核心概念:
- 词汇“public”在民主政治中扮演着核心角色。比如“public opinion”(公众舆论)经常被用于描述影响政府决策的重要民意。
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著名引用:
- President John F. Kennedy: “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your public.”
(不要问你的国家能为你做什么,而要问你能为公众做什么。)
- President John F. Kennedy: “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your public.”
Step 6: 互动式应用
小故事:
你是一位市长,需要为城市修建一个公园。你召开了一个“public meeting”(公众会议),征求居民意见。有人建议要更多的“public restrooms”(公共厕所),有人建议增加“public Wi-Fi”(公共无线网络)。请写下你会对这些建议做出什么回应。
问题:
- 请用“public”造一个句子,描述你需要如何设计这个公园以更好地服务公众。
Step 7: 扩展与深化
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相关书籍:
- 《The Public and Its Problems》 by John Dewey (讨论公众如何参与民主活动)
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电影推荐:
- 《The Public》(2018):讲述一个图书馆中,流浪汉们如何通过公众空间发出自己的声音。
Step 8: 个性化建议
为了记住“public”这个词,我建议你:
- 使用手机上安装的英语学习APP,搜索常见的“public”搭配词,并尝试造句。
- 将这个词与自己实际生活关联,比如思考“哪些事物是属于公众的?”例如公园、地铁、图书馆等。
希望这些内容能够帮助你!继续努力学习! 👍